[6] In October 1943,[7] shortly before Scharnhorst's last mission, Hffmeier was replaced by KzS Fritz Hintze,[8] who was killed during the ship's final battle. She did not return to Brest to avoid an undesirable concentration of heavy units in one port (the Prinz Eugen had arrived there on 21 July) but moored alongside at La Pallice on 23 July. [17] Friedrich Wilhelm agonized for weeks but decided to throw all the nations weight and energy behind the anti-Napoleonic coalition. New York Times bestselling author Anne Perry merges family secrets with suspense on the world stage, as darkness bubbles under the surface of a Europe on the brink of change. Another 300t (300 long tons; 330 short tons) tons of water flooded ten watertight spaces in four main compartments. [45], At 23:00 on 11 February, Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and Prinz Eugen left Brest. Her main battery turrets had 360mm (14in) of armor on their faces and 200mm (7.9in) on their sides. Vice-Admiral Friedrich Huffmeier , a former captain of the German battlecruiser 'Scharnhorst', presents a picture to Rear-Admiral Morgan. A third shell hit the deck next to turret Caesar and caused some flooding; shell splinters caused significant casualties. Both were driven off by anti-aircraft fire and fighters. [36], After repairs were completed in July, Scharnhorst went to La Pallice for trials on the 21st, where she easily steamed at 30 knots (56km/h; 35mph). Burnett chose to keep his distance and shadow Scharnhorst with radar while Fraser made his way to the scene in Duke of York. Scharnhorst and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack a convoy but British naval patrols intercepted the German force. 1255/56 (Jahreswechsel Juli) thiopischer Kalender. Gerhard Wilhelm Scharnhorst was born on month day 1768, at birth place, to Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and Catharina Elisabeth Scharnhorst (born Lueders). [57] The Germans were concerned with developments in Allied radar-directed fire control, which allowed British battleships to fire with great accuracy in the darkness; German radar capabilities lagged behind those of their opponents. There was an error deleting this problem. Include gps location with grave photos where possible. Shell splinters rained on Duke of York and disabled the fire-control radar. The next day, the British trawler HMTJuniper was discovered and sunk, along with the oil tanker Oil Pioneer. [16], The destruction of the Grande Arme in Russia in 1812 finally provided Prussian reformers with an opportunity to create the long-sought peoples army. [46] By 06:30, they had passed Cherbourg, at which point they were joined by a flotilla of torpedo boats. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. Scharnhorst's commander, KzS Hoffmann, however, closed to 23,000m (25,000yd) in an attempt to lure Ramillies away from the convoy so that Gneisenau could attack the convoy. [45] By 13:00, the ships had cleared the Strait of Dover; half an hour later, a flight of six Swordfish torpedo bombers, with Spitfire escort, attacked the Germans. The Scharnhorst family was not noble; they were free peasants, and his father served as a non-commissioned officer in the Hanoverian Army. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. Even Clausewitz, his most adoring student openly commented on the matter: Scharnhorsts speech was actually clumsyA long-winded, vague, and halting speaker was the first impressionElegant society, not excepting some able and intelligent men, considered him a dry scholar and pedant; the army took him for an indecisive, impractical, unmilitary scribbler.[8]. Have a response or an idea for your own article? The Halifax heavy bombers of No. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. This was in accordance with the "hail of fire" theory, which emphasized smaller, rapid firing guns over larger and slower guns. On 22 February, the pair spotted an empty convoy sailing west, which dispersed at the appearance of the battleships. Scharnhorst was appointed to helm the Institute in the Military Science for Young Infantry and Cavalry Officers in Berlin, perhaps better known as the Kriegsakademie. The views expressed are her own and do not reflect the official position of the U.S. Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. At 09:21, Belfast's lookouts spotted Scharnhorst at a range of 11,000m (12,000yd). The second and third turbines were restarted at 15:55 and 16:01, respectively, which permitted a speed of 27 knots (50km/h; 31mph). [4] Bruce Gudmundsson, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier, MCU Journal Vol. [16] Early on 9 April, the two ships encountered the British battlecruiser HMS Renown. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. The email does not appear to be a valid email address. The German force quickly fled north before using inclement weather to make the dash south through the North Sea. Scharnhorst steamed to Gotenhafen in late October for a new rudder, the design of which was based on the lessons learned from the torpedoing of Prinz Eugen and Ltzow earlier in the year. and trans. [5] It would be this generous behavior Scharnhorst would replicate later when interacting with students and subordinates. The two ships then refueled from the tankers Uckermark and Ermland on 12 March. In 1800, he accepted Friedrich Wilhelm III's offer of elevation to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and ennoblement. [7] He also began publishing journals, first Militair Bibliothek (1782-1784), then Bibliothek fr Officiere (1785), and finally the most famous, Neues Militrisches Journal (1797-1805), aiming at those interested in broadening their understanding of the military profession. [71], "Gentlemen, the battle against the Scharnhorst has ended in victory for us. Friedrich Wilhelm did not appoint him as the commander of the main Prussian Army fighting Napoleon in Silesia. [45] The British failed to detect their departure, as the submarine that had been tasked with observing the port had withdrawn to recharge its batteries. The ship was now fighting with only two-thirds of her main battery. The curriculum at the military academy, as Bruce Gudmundsson writes in his article on Scharnhorsts education, thus centered on defense and siegecraft. Many of these hits had badly damaged the ship's secondary armament, which left her open to destroyer attacks, which Fraser ordered. As Scharnhorsts life and legacy remain less known than Clausewitzs, the following passages also offer a brief introduction. A rather peculiar capital ship, Scharnhorst in World of Warships is officially a battleship, but frequently plays more like a battlecruiser. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. But most people haven't heard of Operation Berlin, the time 2 German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau successfully broke out and raided the convoy lanes and influenced Bismarck's fateful mission. 1 (1832): 214. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. [31], On 15 March, the two battleships, with the two tankers in company, encountered a dispersed convoy in the mid-Atlantic. As a result, she went back to the dockyard for extensive modification of the bow. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. Scharnhorst was, first and foremost, a military educator seeking to instruct and inspire the average officer who might never rise to the professions top or grow to become a shrewd strategic thinker, but still strived to give his best. Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. Jrme Bonaparte wird Knig des neu gegrndeten Knigreichs Westphalen . ADS VIEW EMAIL ADDRESSES . We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Scharnhorst, from a portrait by Friedrich Bury (Britannica). Career overview - years in numbers On the 8th, a serious internal explosion occurred in the aft auxiliary machinery space above the armor deck. At 18:32 Scharnhorst (as the closer ship) opened fire with her main armament on Glorious, at a range of 26,000m (28,000yd; 16mi). Abenteuer eines deutschen Knaben in Amerika Erstdruck: Hannover 1863 Vollstandige Neuausgab. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. I hope that any of you who are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, will command your ship as gallantly as the Scharnhorst was commanded today. [2] We will offer the first English translations of some of these texts. Please help spread the word to new readers by sharing it on social media. View Full Report . Learn more about merges. [9] Anonymous (Marie von Clausewitz), Erinnerung an den General Clausewitz und sein Verhltnis zu Scharnhorst, Historisch-Politische Zeitschrift, Vol. 0 cemeteries found in Concordia, Lafayette County, Missouri, USA. [14] At 16:07, lookouts aboard Scharnhorst spotted the vessel, and less than an hour later Scharnhorst had closed the range. The other seven made it past the air defenses and attacked Scharnhorst, but only scored one hit, and the bomb failed to detonate. They were detected in the Skagerrak and the heavy units of the British Home Fleet deployed to cover the passage between Iceland and the Faroes. Reports of heavy activity in British airfields near the coast prompted the force to return to port, however. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. In early 1942, after British bombing raids, the two ships made the Channel Dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977. [16] Between 18 February and 20 February, she participated in Operation Nordmark, a brief sortie into the North Sea as far as the Shetland Islands. [62], On 22 December Dnitz ordered Bey to be ready to go to sea on a three-hour notice. Estorff recognized Scharnhorsts talents and appointed the young officer as an instructor at the regimental school he had created in 1770. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. In 1808, the commission announced sweeping measures, including: appointments based on meritocracy and a phasing-out of the nobilitys privileged access over the officer corps; a new emphasis on education and training; and abandonment of the most severe corporal punishments. Prinz Eugen had been seriously damaged by a bomb on 1 July. Scharnhorst's forward turret was put out of action by severe flooding. By December, only two of the three shafts were operational and a complete overhaul of the propulsion system was required. As Gudmundsson writes: In dEstorffs view, the ability of a leader to succeed in the small war was dependent on their ability to make, in a very short period of time, an accurate estimate of the tactical possibilities of a particular piece of ground, a faculty that he, like so many of his contemporaries, called by the French coup doeil (or strike of the eye). Yet Napoleons general staff remained an organization built around his personal needs, without continuity and authority of its own. Oops, something didn't work. The shell hit jammed the turret's training gears, putting it out of action. In 1783, when a new artillery school was established in Hanover, Scharnhorst was appointed an instructor there. Completed in January 1939, the ship was armed with a main battery of nine 28cm (11in) C/34 guns in three triple turrets. [20] Original title Entwickelung der allgemeinen Ursachen des Glcks der Franzosen in dem Revolutionskriege, und insbesondere in den Feldzgen von 1794. You can find its modern German version for instance in Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Ausgewhlte Schriften, edited by Ursula von Gersdorff Osnabrck: Biblio Verlag, 1983), 47-110. [51] The shock damaged the rotating parts of all of the ship's gun turrets, and three of the 15cm turrets were seriously jammed. In the 1807 Peace of Tilsit, Napoleon reduced Prussias territory and population by more than half and limited the size of its army to 42,000 men from originally 200,000 troops. The third 454kg bomb hit aft of the rear 28cm turret, about 3m (9.8ft) from the side of the ship. Ltjens ordered Hoffmann to rejoin the flagship immediately. General der Jagdflieger (General of Fighter Force) Adolf Galland directed Luftwaffe fighter and bomber forces (Operation Donnerkeil) during Cerberus. She managed to add 5,000m (5,500yd) to the distance between her and Duke of York, while straddling the ship with several salvos. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. He had at least 1 son with Anna. The second torpedo hit the ship on the port side and caused some minor flooding, and the third struck toward the rear of the ship and damaged the port propeller shaft. Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship or battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. Friedrich Wilhelm also failed to embrace Scharnhorsts bold ideas for military reform. It consisted of three measuresabandoning all restrictions on the purchase of nobles land to liberalize land ownership and agriculture; opening all occupations to persons of all classes, in effect ending the closed guilds and thus creating a competitive labor market; and abolishing hereditary servitude in the form of serfdom. Johann was born on July 23 1748, in Bordenau, Hannover, Preussen, Germany. Count Wilhelm zu Schaumburg-Lippe was himself one of the eighteenth centurys advanced military thinkers and educators. By 18:26 the range had fallen to 24,100m (26,400yd; 15.0mi), and Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were firing full salvos at the carrier. Thanks for your help! [67] By 12:00, Scharnhorst was to the northeast of the convoy, but Belfast had reestablished radar contact; it took the cruisers twenty minutes to close the range and begin firing. German aircraft arrived later to jam British radar with chaff. She was powered by three Brown, Boveri & Cie geared steam turbines, which developed a total of 159,551shp; 118,977kW and yielded a maximum speed of 31.5 knots (58.3km/h; 36.2mph) on speed trials. People Projects Discussions Surnames Michael Schoy. [77], Coordinates: 7216N 2841E / 72.267N 28.683E / 72.267; 28.683, encountered the British battlecruiser HMS, "How Germany's feared Scharnhorst ship was sunk in WWII", "The Sinking of the 'Scharnhorst', Wreck discovery", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_battleship_Scharnhorst&oldid=1133412044, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 17:33. [5] On 1 April 1942, Hoffmann, who had been promoted to Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) and awarded the Knight's Cross, transferred command of the ship to KzS Friedrich Hffmeier. It caused significant damage to the ship's propulsion system and slowed the ship to 8 knots (15km/h; 9.2mph). [22] The Germans then launched their Arado 196 float planes to search for more Allied vessels. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? Gerhard had 4 siblings: Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and 3 other siblings. [20] Clausewitz provides a clear description of his mentors approach: Diffuseness was therefore never in evidence in his written work, for he kept correcting and revising his text until his exceptionally precise mind was entirely satisfied and not one word seemed out of place.[21] Neither did Scharnhorst make use of the vivid metaphors for which his student became famous. As Acasta sank, one of the 4 torpedoes she had fired hit Scharnhorst at 19:39. Repairs were quickly completed, and on 22 January 1941, the two ships, under the command of Admiral Gnther Ltjens, left port for the North Atlantic. [31], Following the completion of repairs, Scharnhorst underwent trials in the Baltic before returning to Kiel in December 1940. Make sure that the file is a photo. [7][77] The ship sank in approximately 290m (950ft) of water. While waiting outside the port, Admiral Ciliax returned to the ship. 866-428-0005. Two days later, the German flotilla intercepted the British armed merchant cruiser Rawalpindi. The water was quickly drained from turret Bruno's magazine. These are necessary if we wish, in all cases that occur, thanks to resemblance in circumstances, to be able to judge to some degree the success of an enterprise and avoid the mistakes experience could discoverif we wish to consult all the special circumstances and among the numerous possibilities to choose the most beneficial ones. A rather peculiar capital ship, Scharnhorst in World of Warships is officially a battleship, but frequently plays more like a battlecruiser. 518 N Magnolia Ave, Lansing, MI, 48912-3125. Bruce Gudmundsson. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. The only book-length study of Scharnhorsts legacy in English, Charles Edward Whites The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militrische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805, offers sizable extracts out of his writings. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. The so-called "Channel Dash", codenamed Operation Cerberus, would avoid the increasingly effective Allied radar and patrol aircraft in the Atlantic. The aft radar, which possessed only a limited forward arc, was the ship's only remaining radar capability. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. This 38,100 t ship was named after the Prussian general and army reformer Gerhard von Scharnhorst . In the first decade of Napoleons rise, the question about the origins of French lethality preoccupied military writers. [30] She reached port on the afternoon of 9 June, where the repair ship Huaskaran was waiting. Friedrich G Sauer from Lansing, MI. [74] Fraser then ordered Jamaica and Belfast to move into range and finish the crippled ship off with torpedoes. On the morning of 25 July, one of the escorting destroyers shot down a British patrol plane. At 03:19, Bey received instructions from the Fleet Command that Scharnhorst was to conduct the attack alone if heavy seas interfered with the destroyers' ability to fight. Year should not be greater than current year. [12] Krmper was the Prussian Armys term for retired or former soldier. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? Charles Edward White. His hometown Bordenau is just fifteen miles outside of Hanover. The Hudsons dropped thirty-six 227lb (103kg) armor-piercing bombs, which all missed. The reformers turned their attention to what Trevor N. Dupuy calls a system of institutionalized military excellence.[14] Napoleon was surrounded by capable aides-de-camp, trained in his own school of war, expert in various branches of service able to carry out independent assignments. After locating a large submerged object, the research team then used the Royal Norwegian Navy's underwater recovery vessel HNoMSTyr to examine the object visually. He therefore decided to head for Brest in occupied France, which the ships reached on 22 March. [25] The two destroyers attempted to cover Glorious with smoke screens, but the German battleships could track the carrier with their radar. Heavy winds caused significant structural damage that evening, and flooding contaminated a portion of Scharnhorst's fuel stores. [29] The ship's machinery was also significantly damaged by the flooding, and the starboard propeller shaft was destroyed. [32] Scharnhorst managed to sink only one ship during the encounter, the 6000 ton tanker Lustrous. In 1792, he published Militrisches Taschenbuch, zum Gebrauch im Felde, a tactical field guide that would influence several generations of German-speaking officers. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? Oops, we were unable to send the email. Friedrich Buchardt - Member of the Einsatzgruppen death squads, who started off grading people on their Germanness and then progressed to outright genocide. They entered the Channel an hour later; the three ships sped at 27 knots (50km/h; 31mph), hugging the French coast along the voyage. During the maneuvers, she collided with the German submarineU-523, which caused damage that necessitated dry-docking for repairs. Scharnhorst lacked pedigree, and with his massive head and sturdy body looked nothing like the dashing aristocratic officers who still dominated the Prussian Army. 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