[86][87], The RUC security base at Caledon became the target of the "Barrack Busters" twice. He was a brilliant fighter and he being won. List of brigades of the Irish Republican Army Contents 1 Munster 1.1 County Clare 1.2 County Cork[1][2] 1.3 County Kerry 1.4 County Limerick 1.5 County Tipperary 1.6 County Waterford 2 Leinster 2.1 County Carlow 2.2 County Dublin 2.3 County Kildare 2.4 County Kilkenny 2.5 County Laois 2.6 County Longford 2.7 County Louth 2.8 County Offaly 26 January 1987: a senior UDR officer was killed outside his home on Coalisland Road, Dungannon. One soldier was seriously wounded. Hamilton states that there were no security or civilian casualties. absolute acts. [58] The talk No casualties were reported. the Catholic community was really about. The Catholic Church seemed to Theirs was a closed world [22] However, many of their remaining members were young and inexperienced and fell into further ambushes, leading to high casualties by the standards of the low intensity guerrilla conflict in Northern Ireland. with firepower ferociously excessive for the occasion invoked folk GAA Central Council officialreply was that The GAA has strict protocols and rules in place regarding the use of property for Political purposes. The Association is committed to a shared future based on tolerance for the different identities and cultural backgrounds of people who share this Community and this island. [15], The SAS ambush had no noticeable long-term effect on the level of IRA activity in East Tyrone. sanctioned shoot-to-kill policy, opened fire on a party of fifteen IRA In addition, the IRA in Tyrone was the target of an assassination campaign carried out by the loyalist paramilitaries of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). [23] British intelligence identified them as the perpetrators of the attack on the military bus at Curr road. [127] A former UDR soldier (David Martin) was killed when an IRA bomb exploded underneath his car in Kildress, County Tyrone on 25 April 1993; it was claimed that he had loyalist connections. Five were bound over. In the The IRA said that the men were legitimate targets because they were "collaborating" with the "forces of occupation". The area was previously secured by a group of armed volunteers. [12], The eight volunteers killed in the ambush became known as the "Loughgall Martyrs" among many republicans. South, were feeling. [81] The IRA asserts instead that the barracks were "extensively damaged". what the Republican writing of history had deemed to be an officially As the men were all Protestants, many Protestants saw it as a sectarian attack. British troops manning the outpost returned fire. One British soldier was wounded. [31], On 11 February 1990 the brigade managed to shoot down a British Army Gazelle helicopter near Clogher by machine gun fire and wounding three soldiers, one of them seriously. The UVF killed 40 people in East Tyrone between 1988 and 1994. [97][114] Another fatality was a Royal Irish Regiment (RIR) soldier, Private Christopher Wren, slain when off-duty by the blast of a booby-trap planted in his car. [10] Lynagh's plans met strong criticism from senior brigade member Kevin McKenna, who regarded the strategy as "too impractical, too ambitious, and not sustainable" according to journalist Ed Moloney. 10 February 1997: a horizontal mortar fired by an IRA unit hit an RUC armoured vehicle leaving a security base. 14 March 1972: A two-man IRA unit armed with sub-machine guns ambushed a joint British Army/RUC patrol on Brackaville Road outside Coalisland, County Tyrone. On 3 June, three IRA men, Lawrence McNally, Michael Ryan and Tony Doris, died in another SAS ambush at Coagh, where their car was riddled with gunfire. fluttered in every window, thousands lined the funeral routes: country of their neighbors, hard-working decent members of their communities, It is believed to have drawn its membership from across the eastern side of County Tyrone as well as north County Monaghan and south County Londonderry.[2]. ambush, in which 8 IRA Volunteers and a civilian were killed in an SAS of its own medicine, that the security forces were, in a sense, only [33] In October 1990, two IRA volunteers from the brigade, Dessie Grew and Martin McCaughey, were shot dead near Loughgall by undercover soldiers while allegedly collecting two rifles from an IRA arms dump. 25 April 1987: an off duty British soldier (William Graham) was shot dead by the IRA at his family's farm, off Gortscraheen Road, near Pomeroy. [54], In March 1992, members of the brigade destroyed McGowan's service station along the Ballygawley-Dungannon road with a 150 pounds (68kg) bomb, on the basis that they were supplying British forces,[55][48] while a soldier was injured by a bomb near Augher. [102][58], Sources from the brigade released a detailed statement on the attack on Pomeroy security base, carried out on 26 June 1994, claiming that they had fired a single 220 pounds (100kg) Mark-15 barrack-buster bomb. Another four IRA members were killed in an ambush in February 1992. 8 July 1997: A landmine was planted by the IRA near Dungannon, where there was a bomb alert. The six attackers gathered on the same spot, instead of vanishing separately. This was the IRA's greatest loss of life in a single incident since the days of the Anglo-Irish War (19191922). It smacks of revenge and retaliation. Moreover -- and he 16 August 1973: two IRA volunteers, Daniel McAnallen (aged 27) and Patrick Quinn (aged 18), were killed when a mortar prematurely exploded during an attack on Pomeroy British Army/RUC base. 1 Battalion: Unit strength on 11 July 1921 was 265 all ranks, and the strength on 1 July 1922 was 312 all ranks.The companies of the 1st. [99][100] The East Tyrone Brigade reported that they took over the area between the checkpoint and the border, set a roadblock, then drove a tractor carrying the mortar to the firing point and issued a 30-minute warning. The South Armagh area was considered to be a liberated zone already, since British troops and the RUC could not use the roads there for fear of roadside bombs and long-range harassing fire. premeditated vengeance. [11] Scottish-born journalist Kevin Toolis has written that from 1985 onward, the brigade led a five-year campaign that left 33 security facilities destroyed and nearly 100 seriously damaged. News, fell on them like wild beasts, killing twelve and tearing from 9 July 1997: IRA gunmen hijacked and burned a number of vehicles at Dungannon. The SAS shot dead eight IRA members and a civilian who had accidentally driven into the ambush. An Phoblacht claimed the IRA men thwarted an ambush and at least two SAS members were killed. died, he was a dedicated soldier. [44] Some republican sources[45] claim that a listening device was found in the roof of OFarrells house during repairs in 2008, exposing that the British intelligence had a forehand knowledge of the IRA operation at Coalisland and could have arrested them before the attack. One witness has said that some of the men were wounded and tried to surrender but were then killed by the British soldiers. [8] In April 1987 they shot and killed Harold Henry, one of the main contractors to the British Army and the RUC in Northern Ireland. Kelly, Sean Donnelly, and Declan Arthurs had come to age when Martin If the RUC, he said, had prior information The IRA men were intercepted by the SAS as they were trying to dump the lorry and escape in cars in the car park of Clonoe Roman Catholic church, whose roof was set on fire by Army flares. administration. Loughgall happened because the British needed [5] The first was an assault on Ballygawley barracks. engaged in an armed conflict with the army of the United Kingdom. The first phase of Lynagh's plan to drive out the British security forces from east Tyrone involved destroying isolated rural police stations and then intimidating or killing any building contractors who were employed to rebuild them. Leading According to the brigade report, the van, fitted with a Mark-15 mortar, was left besides a military sangar. [20][21] This attack forced the British military to ferry their troops to and from East Tyrone by helicopter. Journalist Ian Bruce, instead, claims that an Irishman who served in the Parachute Regiment was the leader of the IRA unit, citing intelligence sources. [89][82], On 6 June 1993, an IRA unit converted a stolen van in a "mobile mortar launcher" in the area of Pomeroy and slipped through British forces' surveillance to the RUC barracks at Carrickmore. A second IRA rifle team fired at a British Army Lynx helicopter sending in reinforcements to the area over the surroundings of Fivemiletown. The level of IRA activity in the area did not show any real decline in the aftermath: in the two years before the Loughgall ambush the IRA killed seven people in East Tyrone and North Armagh, and eleven in the two years following the ambush. 2 May 1974: Up to 40 members from the IRA's East Tyrone Brigade attacked the isolated 6 UDR Deanery base in Clogher, County Tyrone with machine gun and RPG fire resulting in the death of Private Eva Martin, a UDR Greenfinch, the first female UDR soldier to be killed by enemy action. Ken Maginnis, Official Unionist M.P. not be addressed in the sanitized communiques that invariably followed The 12 May's riots ended with the paratroopers' assault on three bars, where they injured seven civilians. He would be the longest-serving volunteer in this position, right up to the 1997 ceasefire. Another street fracas on 17 May between a King's Own Scottish Borderers platoon and a group of nationalist youths in Coalisland resulted in the theft of an army machine gun and a new confrontation with the paratroopers. the funeral of Paddy Kelly, the commander of the East Tyrone Brigade [103], On 15 July 1994, an armed dump truck ambushed an RUC armoured mobile patrol at Killeshil, near Dungannon. their own interests: their fears that Loughgall would redound to the Jim Lynagh (Irish language: Samus Laighneach 13 April 1956 - 8 May 1987) was a member of the East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), [1] from Monaghan Town in the Republic of Ireland. [49] Another former UDR soldier was killed when an IRA bomb exploded underneath his car in Kildress, County Tyrone in April 1993; it was claimed that he had loyalist connections. A 'senior security source' claimed that the IRA was responsible. [13], In December 2011, the Historical Enquiries Team found that not only did the IRA team fire first but that they could not have been safely arrested. After being caught he was put up against a fence and killed. [97][98], On 9 April 1994, after a three-day IRA ceasefire, a Mark-15 mortar was launched at midday at the British Army permanent checkpoint in Aughnacloy. The IRA Northern Command, however, approved a scaled-down version of the strategy, aimed at hampering the repair and refurbishment of British security bases. shooting an Irishman in Ireland produces a gut reaction.. In One RUC officer was injured. British government acceding to the IRAs view that what was happening In the 1980s, the IRA in East Tyrone and other areas close to the border, such as South Armagh, were following a Maoist military theory[8] devised for Ireland by Jim Lynagh, a high-profile member of the IRA in East Tyrone (but a native of County Monaghan). Jim Lynagh ( Irish: Samus Laighneach; 13 April 1956 - 8 May 1987) was a member of the East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), [1] from Monaghan Town in the Republic of Ireland . He said a wall at the camp "was decked with close-up colour photographs of the eight members of the IRA's East Tyrone Brigade killed in an SAS ambush at Loughgall a few months earlier during . Tyrone Obrien Rooney (born 1978) is listed at 1312 Oak Ridge Ave Apt 211 East Lansing, Mi 48823 and has no known political party affiliation. As the men were all Protestants, many Protestants saw it as a sectarian attack. IRA volunteers had been lying in wait outside the barracks and, as the officers left, two gunmen stepped out of concealed positions and shot both officers in the head from close range. The Volunteers killed at Loughgall were Declan Arthurs (21), Tony Gormley (24), Eugene Kelly (25), Pdraig McKearney (32), Jim Lynagh (31), Gerard O'Callaghan (28), Seamus Donnelly (19) and unit commander Patrick Joseph Kelly (30). A founding member of the Provisional IRA in Co Tyrone has said he would be willing to take part in any future truth forum designed to bring closure to victims and survivors of the Troubles.. Gerry McGeough is a prominent republican and former member of the provisional IRA and now a farmer in Co. Tyrone. The brigade was the first to use the Mark-15 Barrack-Buster mortar in an attack on 5 December 1992 against an RUC station in Ballygawley. pleaded with her following Sandss death to do something to end the Whereas the previous ambushes of IRA men had been well planned by Special Forces, the Clonoe killings owed much to a series of mistakes by the IRA men in question. was cool, was Padraig McKearneys nine-year-old nieces appraisal of List of actions from 1996 up to the latest PIRA ceasefire, Individual members of the brigade were also involved in the. The main target, Brian Arthurs, escaped injury. The next day the IRA threatened any contractor who took on repair of the station. The unit dispersed after setting on the mortar's timer. They were A five-mile (8km) chase followed before the IRA volunteers managed to escape on foot. [73], The brigade was the first to use the Mark-15 Barrack-Buster mortar in an attack on 5 December 1992 against the RUC station in Ballygawley. The first phase of Lynagh's plan to drive out the British security forces from east Tyrone involved destroying isolated rural police stations and then intimidating or killing any building contractors who were employed to rebuild them. The British government pronounced itself well [76] A later IRA statement acknowledges that the mortar bomb had "failed to detonate properly". [55][56][57], Six paratroopers were charged with criminal damage in the aftermath, but they were acquitted in 1993. Michael Ryan was the same man who according to Moloney had led the mixed flying column under direct orders of top IRA Army Council member 'Slab' Murphy two years before. This is disputed by some authors as an "exaggeration".[130][131]. The UVF killed 40 people in east Tyrone between 1988 and 1994. maintained a system of mutual support and an assiduous sense of Actions of the British government which implied that it IRA recruits. They were historical people. On 11 February 1990 the brigade managed to shoot down a British Army Gazelle helicopter near Clogher by machine gun fire and wounding three soldiers, one of them seriously. In July 1983, the East Tyrone Brigade carried out a landmine ambush on an Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) mobile patrol near Ballygawley, killing three UDR soldiers (a fourth UDR soldier died later). There were no casualties. What happened at Loughgall would forever be remembered by those Several people was evacuated, and the bomb disposal squad struggled 10 hours to defuse the device. For many it seemed that the British were An Phoblacht claims that the IRA men thwarted an ambush and at least two SAS members were killed. In March 1992, members of the brigade destroyed McGowan's service station along the Ballygawley/Monaghan road, on the basis that they were supplying British forces, while a soldier was injured by a bomb near Augher. legitimacy it had fought so tenaciously to achieve. fact, the governments actions would validate the Republican movements Thank you. [39] On 31 January an IRA van bomb blew up in downtown Dungannon, resulting in three people wounded and severe damage[40] both on the city centre and the RUC/Army base. A second shooting took place in the village of Pomeroy on 28 June, this time against British regular troops. their ever-so-careful distinction between good violence and bad [61][62] Among the killed were two constables who were shot dead while driving a civilian type vehicle in Fivemiletown's main street on 12 December 1993. All eight members of the East Tyrone Brigade team were killed. [118] The IRA said that the workers were legitimate targets because they were "collaborating" with the "forces of occupation". [38] Hamilton stated that there were no security or civilian casualties. The East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), also known as the Tyrone/Monaghan Brigade was one of the most active republican paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland during "the Troubles". Another IRA bomb attack against British troops, near Cappagh, during which a paratrooper lost both legs, triggered a series of clashes between soldiers and local residents in the staunchly republican town of Coalisland, on 12 and 17 May 1992. The East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), also known as the Tyrone/Monaghan [29][30] On 24 March 1990, there was a gunbattle between an IRA unit and undercover British forces at the village of Cappagh, County Tyrone, when IRA members fired at a civilian-type car driven by security forces, according to Archie Hamilton, then Secretary of State for Defence. minds stories of reprisal killings in the old days, once again [31] An Phoblacht claims that the IRA men thwarted an ambush and at least two SAS members were killed. The East Tyrone Brigade members killed in 1987 consisted of: They died in Loughgall, a village no bigger than Galbally, in County Three other RUC officers who were in the building fled through a back door. 9 July 1997: IRA gunmen hijacked and burned a number of vehicles at Dungannon. They had mounted a heavy DShK machine gun on the back of a stolen lorry, driven right to the RUC/British Army station and opened fire with tracer ammunition at the fortified base at point-blank range, when the long-range of the weapon would enable them to fire from a safe distance. remembered. They were legends. The legends would never die. They fifty RUC personnel, and at least five civilians since it began The East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), also known as the Tyrone/Monaghan Brigade[1] was one of the most active republican paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland during "the Troubles". [35][36][37], On 24 March 1990, there was a gun battle between an IRA unit and undercover British forces in the main street of the village of Cappagh, County Tyrone, in which IRA members fired at a civilian-type car driven by security forces, according to Archie Hamilton, then Secretary of State for Defence. the gut reaction was in danger of becoming the prevailing reaction. abiding minds in Northern Ireland.), Nationalists were wary. cursing the whole time. The Clonmult ambush was a setback for the IRA G. Adams (SF) has written to the Prime Minister asking for new political contact. The UDA retaliated by shooting dead five Catholic male civilians inside a betting shop on the Ormeau Road, Belfast. [59], The brigade was the first to use the Mark-15 Barrack-Buster mortar in an attack on 5 December 1992 against an RUC station in Ballygawley. The East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), also known as the Tyrone/Monaghan Brigade was one of the most active republican paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland during "the Troubles". Another fatality was a Royal Irish Regiment soldier from Cookstown who was abducted and shot dead while on leave; his body was later found in the outskirts of Armagh town on 21 May 1994. After the shooting they drove past the house of Tony Doris, the IRA man killed the previous year, where they fired more shots in the air and were heard to shout, "Up the 'RA, that's for Tony Doris". in the North was war? they should have prevented the gun battle. [14], On 8 May 1987, at least eight members of the brigade launched another attack on the unmanned Loughgall RUC base. In the aftermath of the bombing, on 9 May, a sergeant mayor of the 1st Battalion, the Staffordshire Regiment was shot and killed by a soldier of his company in a blue-on-blue incident at the same spot, while taking part of a security detail around the devastated base. Tommy, had been in the H-blocks for eleven years. Michael Ryan was the same man who according to Moloney had led the mixed flying column under direct orders of top IRA Army Council member 'Slab' Murphy two years before. The bombing was at Teebane Crossroads, near Cookstown. army holding no legal or moral right to bear arms on Irish soil. The [17] The checkpoint was stormed and two British soldiers killed in action. 26 February 1978: IRA Volunteer Paul Duffy was killed by the SAS in Coagh. . [35][36] The RUC stated the men were on their way to mount an ambush on Protestant workmen.[37]. meetings of the Intergovernmental Conference. Another British soldier was injured in Pomeroy when his patrol was fired on by an IRA unit on 2 August 1992. For though it was clear that the IRA had . 11 August 1986: The East Tyrone Brigade destroyed the RUC base at, 23 November 1986: six British soldiers were wounded after the Brigade launched seven mortars at a British Army barracks in. rather than as a criminal organization whose members would be arrested, The IRA men were intercepted by the SAS as they were trying to dump the lorry and escape in cars in the car park of Clonoe Roman Catholic church, whose roof was set on fire by Army flares. 22 February 1997: An IRA mortar unit was intercepted by the RUC in $3, on its way to carry out an attack on a British security facility. [22] shooting those not convicted of criminal offenses as soldiers of war. The helicopter was hit between Clogher and Augher, over the border near Derrygorry, in the Republic. for Irish lives, that their abhorrence of the IRA masked a larger It was a world in killings. evening the score. Two IRA men escaped from the scene, but the four named above were killed. thousands and thousands of Irish people shocked and angered at the This was denied by the dead man's family. IRA as terrorists and murderers and evil men and somehow subhuman The UDA retaliated by shooting dead five Catholic men in a betting shop on Ormeau Road, Belfast. [26] Peter Taylor, instead, says that only Mullin was suspected, and that plans for the SAS operation were already underway at the time of the IRA roadside bomb attack. 8 July 1997: A landmine was planted by the IRA near Dungannon, leading to a bomb alert. were heroes, freedom fighters, peace soldiers. They had sacrificed The IRA unit used the same tactics as it had done in the The Birches attack. murder.). undercover security personnel, who were lying in wait for them, as they [125] On 11 January 1993 a former sergeant of the B-Specials (Matthew Boyd)[126] was shot dead while driving his car along Donaghmore Road, Dungannon, County Tyrone. The main target, Brian Arthurs, escaped injury. For constitutional nationalists, North and South, anything that charged, tried, and convicted. They also claimed that during the follow-up search, British Army technicians defused with a controlled explosion a 50 pounds (23kg) mortar round, fired three years before. the Irish government was still the Free State government, a partition [28] On 16 September 1989, a British sergeant of the Royal Corps of Signals (Kevin Froggett) was shot and killed by an IRA sniper while he was repairing a radio mast at Coalisland Army/RUC base. CAIN lists Boyd as a Protestant civilian. Margaret Thatcher and of active service units, an incapacitating dilution of its manpower and [16] Additionally, most of the attacks which took place in County Fermanagh during this period of the Troubles were also launched from south Tyrone and Monaghan. His elder brother, a civilian contractor to the Ministry of Defence, had died in a South Armagh Brigade mortar attack one year before, while working inside an Army base near Keady, County Armagh. Strikes and the Politics of Despair by Padraig OMalley. After the shooting they drove past the house of Tony Doris, the IRA man killed the previous year, where they fired more shots in the air and were heard to shout, "Up the 'RA, that's for Tony Doris". revenge, because the British had been defeated and demoralized by the A major IRA attack in County Tyrone took place on 20 August 1988, barely a year after Loughall, which ended in the deaths of eight soldiers when a British Army bus was bombed at Curr Road, near $3. set the example, provided the inspiration. 112 relations. memories of the Black and Tan war, stirred in the dim recesses of many [123][124] The IRA retaliated on 5 August 1991 by shooting and killing a former UDR soldier leaving his workplace along Altmore Road, Cappagh. [22] The checkpoint was stormed using an improvised armoured truck and two British soldiers (James Houston and Michael Patterson) were killed in action. two governments to consult and the right of the Irish government to put One RUC officer was injured. acceded to the IRAs view of the conflict made it increasingly Ed Moloney, Irish journalist and author of the Secret History of the IRA, states that the Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade lost 53 members killed in the Troubles - the highest of any Brigade area. Ed Moloney, Irish journalist and author of the Secret History of the IRA, states that the Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade lost 53 members killed in the Troubles, the highest of any rural Brigade area. The volunteers, An Phoblact/Republican News said, had The Gazelle broke up during the subsequent crash-landing. [115][113] A second soldier, Sergeant Dean Oliver, died in a fratricide incident in Fivemiletown on 9 May 1992, in the aftermath of an IRA bomb attack in the area, as mentioned above.[61][116]. [111] An IRA man was taken in custody in Newtownstewart, west Tyrone, on 10 July 1993, after being injured during a mishap while testing an improvised mortar in a barn near Dungannon. There was, of course, the inevitable historical analogue that would Of these, 28 were killed between 1987 and 1992. vast array of military equipment and surveillance technology at its Ed Moloney, Irish journalist and author of the Secret History of the IRA, states that the Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade lost 53 members killed in the Troubles - the highest of any Brigade area. East Tyrone brigade to which the eight had belonged, the largest number [105][106], There were also a number of roadside bomb and mortar attacks thwarted by the security forces in east and south Tyrone in this period. As the men were all Protestants, many Protestants saw it as a sectarian attack. [21] Additionally, most of the attacks which took place in County Fermanagh during this period of the Troubles were also launched from south Tyrone and Monaghan. The level of IRA activity in the area did not show any real decline in the aftermath: in the two years prior to the Loughgall ambush the IRA killed seven people in East Tyrone and North Armagh, and eleven in the two years following the ambush. This was in response to a complaint from Democratic Unionist Party Assemblyman William McCrea accusing the GAA of turning a blind eye to "republican terrorist" events in the last years. ], In 2012 a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club in Tyrone distanced itself from a republican commemoration of those killed in the ambush.
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